• Sitemap
  • Contact Us

pISSN 2950-9114 eISSN 2950-9122
Article View

Report On Proficiency Testing

Lab Med Qual Assur 2020; 42(3): 97-111

Published online September 30, 2020

https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2020.42.3.97

Copyright © Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service.

Annual Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on General Chemistry (2019)

Yong-Wha Lee

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea

Correspondence to:Yong-Wha Lee
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea
Tel +82-32-621-5943
Fax +82-32-621-5944
E-mail lywmd@schmc.ac.kr

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In 2019, the general chemistry proficiency testing program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service consisted of routine chemistry and urine chemistry programs including 30 and 13 test items, respectively. The test method classification system in the urine chemistry program was revised. The routine chemistry program was conducted four times a year, and the urine chemistry program was conducted twice a year. Statistical analysis data for the test method and reagent companies were reported based on the information and results of the test items provided by each institution. The statistics included the number of participating institutes, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), median, and the minimum and maximum values for each group. Each report included tables, histograms, Levey–Jennings charts, and the standard deviation index showing the statistics of each test item. In the routine chemistry program, more than 1,000 institutions performed 17 test items, and the number is continuously increasing. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to have relatively high CVs because of the differences in the results obtained using different test methods; however, the CVs for others were within 10%. In the urine chemistry program, albumin and protein showed relatively high CVs.

Keywords: Proficiency testing, General chemistry, Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service

대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업은 2016년부터 차세대 신빙도조사사업으로 대폭 확장 개편되어 시행되고 있다. 2019년에는 6개 대분류하에 65개 프로그램 단위별 운영체계로 확대되었고, 프로그램별 검사종목도 326종목으로 증가하였다[1-3]. 임상화학 분야는 6개의 대분류 중 하나로서 일반화학검사 등 10개의 중분류 분야로 구성되어 있고, 이들은 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 등 24개의 세부 프로그램으로 나뉜다. 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 프로그램에는 각각 30종과 13종의 검사항목이 포함되어 있다.

2019년 대한임상검사정도관리협회의 신빙도조사사업으로 시행되었던 일반화학검사와 요화학검사에 대한 신빙도조사사업 결과를 분석하여 보고하고자 한다.

1. 대상

일반화학검사 프로그램은 연 4회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되어 시행되었다. 물질은 냉장상태가 유지될 수 있도록 아이스팩이 내장된 특수 제작박스에 넣어 참여 등록기관을 대상으로 각 회차별로 2월, 4월, 9월과 10월에 발송되었다. 요화학검사 프로그램은 연 2회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되었고 1회차와 2회차를 각각 3월과 10월에 발송하였다.

2. 정도관리물질과 검사항목

일반화학검사의 정도관리물질은 Bio-Rad사(Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA)의 사람 혈청을 기질로 한 분말제품을 사용하였다(Table 1). 요화학검사의 정도관리물질도 Bio-Rad사의 Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control (Bio-Rad Laboratories)을 사용하였다(Table 2). 사전에 공지된 일정에 따라 참여기관에서는 수령한 물질에 대한 검사 시행 후 지정된 회신 마감일 이내에 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에 결과를 입력하였다. 기기회사와 시약회사로부터 제공된 검사항목별 검사방법, 기기와 시약에 대한 데이터베이스가 구축되었고, 이를 토대로 참여기관이 홈페이지상에서 해당 검사항목에 대한 검사정보 선택과 결과 입력이 가능하도록 하였다.

Table 1 . Control material used for analysis and release dates of the trials of general chemistry in 2019.

TrialMaterial no.ManufacturerProduct nameLot no.Released date
1stCC-19-01Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control28821
CC-19-02Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control2882218 February
CC-19-03Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control26451
2ndCC-19-04Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control28832
CC-19-05Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control2643122 April
CC-19-06Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control26432
3rdCC-19-07Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control26461
CC-19-08Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control264622 September
CC-19-09Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control28812
4thCC-19-10Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control26452
CC-19-11Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control2884114 October
CC-19-12Bio-RadLyphochek assayed & unassayed chemistry control28842

The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..


Table 2 . Control material used for analysis and release dates of the trials of urine chemistry in 2019.

TrialMaterial no.ManufacturerProduct nameLot no.Released date
1stCUC-19-01Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63422
CUC-19-02Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control6343111 March
CUC-19-03Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63432
2ndCUC-19-04Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63432
CUC-19-05Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control6344128 October
CUC-19-06Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63442

The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..



3. 결과 판정 및 분석

일반화학검사와 요화학검사 각각에 대해서, 각 기관에서 입력한 각 검사항목에 대한 정보와 결과를 기반으로 검사방법, 기기, 시약에 따라 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과보고서는 전체 참여기관의 특성을 보여주는 공통보고서와 개별기관에 대한 평가결과를 보여주는 기관별 보고서로 구성되어 있다. 공통보고서에는 전체 참여기관에 해당하는 통계, 검사방법을 기준분류로 하여 분석한 통계결과와 시약회사를 세 분류로 하여 분석한 통계결과를 각각 제시하였다.

제시된 통계결과에는 각 그룹별 참여기관 수, 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값이 포함되도록 하였고 참여기관 수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값은 이상치를 제거하지 않은 상태에서 산출된 결과를 제시하였고 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수는 각 군별로 이상치를 제거한 후 산출된 수치를 나타냈다. 해당 분류에서 이상치를 제거한 후 기관 수가 8개 미만인 경우 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수를 제시하지 않았고 기관 수가 3개 미만인 경우 중앙값도 제시하지 않았다. 이상치는 각 해당 분류에서 75퍼센타일 값(Q3)과 25퍼센타일 값(Q1)의 차(Q3–Q1, interquartile range, IQR)의 1.5배를 초과하여 Q1보다 낮거나 Q3보다 높은 결과값(Q3+1.5×IQR)으로 설정하였다.

개별보고서는 각 검사항목별로 통계결과를 보여주는 표, 히스토그램과 레비-제닝스 차트로 구성하였다. 통계치를 제시한 표에는 각 기관의 결과값과 각 분류별로 분석된 통계결과를 제시하였고 기준분류와 세분류에서는 standard deviation index (SDI)를 함께 제시하였다. 전체 결과에 대해서는 SDI를 제시하지 않았고 각 그룹에서 이상치 제거 후 기관 수가 8개 미만일 경우 SDI를 제시하지 않았다. 표준편차가 0이지만 기관의 결과값이 평균과 다를 경우에도 SDI를 제시하지 않았다.

히스토그램에서는 전체 기관의 분포와 기준 분류별 분포를 제시하였고 각 기관의 위치를 표시하였다. 레비-제닝스 차트는 기준분류별 SDI를 이용하여 작성하였다.

일반화학검사 프로그램에서는 1,000개 이상의 기관이 참여하는 검사항목은 alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, chloride, total cholesterol, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, potassium, total protein, sodium, triglyceride, urea nitrogen과 uric acid 등이었고, 회차를 거듭할수록 참가기관 수가 증가하였다(Table 3). 요화학검사 프로그램에서는 2018년부터 시행되고 있는 요 human chorionic gonadotropin 정성검사에 참여하는 기관이 가장 많았고 creatinine 검사가 뒤를 이었다(Table 4).

Table 3 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of general chemistry in 2019.

TestTrials
1st2nd3rd4th
Alanine aminotransferase1,6871,7071,7241,742
Albumin1,5601,5811,5901,609
Alkaline phosphatase1,4871,5071,5111,533
Amylase822821828841
Aspartate aminotransferase1,6871,7061,7231,741
Bilirubin, direct815815815823
Bilirubin, total1,5641,5851,5951,614
Calcium742738750754
Chloride1,0761,0791,0871,096
Cholesterol, total1,6741,6941,7101,728
Creatine kinase676676682692
Creatinine1,6561,6751,6971,711
Gamma-glutamyl transferase1,6331,6511,6651,683
Glucose1,6641,6831,7011,719
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol1,5411,5591,5781,595
Iron422419424428
Lactate dehydrogenase908912915926
Lipase413413429437
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol922924938951
Magnesium291292298298
Osmolality151154154157
Phosphorus688688699700
Potassium1,0861,0871,0981,107
Protein, total1,5381,5581,5651,585
Sodium1,0861,0871,0981,107
Total CO2217220222225
Total iron-binding capacity385380384388
Triglyceride1,6251,6451,6641,680
Urea nitrogen1,6111,6321,6481,669
Uric acid1,2601,2731,2811,291

Table 4 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of urine chemistry in 2019.

TestTrials
1st2nd
Albumin183184
Calcium161158
Chloride188182
Creatinine220218
Glucose140138
Magnesium111111
Phosphorus143141
Potassium189183
Protein190189
Sodium191186
Urea nitrogen163161
Uric acid155151
Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (qualitative)241242


일반화학검사 프로그램에서 변동계수는 각 검사항목별 회차별로 상대적으로 정도관리물질의 농도가 낮을수록 높은 경향을 보였다(Table 5). 대부분 10% 이내의 변동계수를 보였지만 alkaline phosphatase, amylase, direct bilirubin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)와 lipase는 10% 이상의 높은 변동계수를 보였다. 물론 동일한 검사법을 사용하는 군에서는 비교적 작은 변동계수를 보였으나 alkaline phosphatase와 LDH는 검사법 간에 결과의 차이가 유의하게 큼으로써 변동계수도 상대적으로 큰 것으로 관찰되었다(Table 5). 요화학검사 프로그램에서 각 검사항목별 변동계수는 대부분 10% 이내의 값을 보였으나 albumin과 protein은 각각 14.6%–29.3%와 7.4%–8.7%로 상대적으로 높은 변동계수를 보였다(Table 6). 변동계수는 각 기관의 상대적 위치를 나타내는 SDI와도 관련되므로 변동계수가 큰 경우 SDI는 상대적으로 작아질 수 있으므로 결과해석 시 유의하여야 한다.

Table 5 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of general chemistry in 2019.

TestTrials
CC-19-01CC-19-02CC-19-03CC-19-04CC-19-05CC-19-06CC-19-07CC-19-08CC-19-09CC-19-10CC-19-11CC-19-12
Alanine transaminase6.56.07.15.57.25.75.46.95.65.67.05.8
Albumin4.85.45.15.54.95.45.35.25.55.35.25.4
Alkaline phosphatase43.535.843.336.345.538.135.742.534.634.442.635.8
Amylase12.618.412.517.512.818.018.612.418.718.212.418.3
Aspartate aminotransferase5.54.15.24.35.34.34.25.84.24.65.04.6
Bilirubin, direct20.116.320.517.417.317.111.418.015.115.518.717.2
Bilirubin, total10.16.610.46.310.36.25.710.66.35.69.76.0
Calcium3.92.94.02.84.22.92.74.22.92.64.22.5
Chloride3.02.82.92.62.02.62.42.32.52.42.12.7
Cholesterol, total3.14.73.14.62.94.94.53.04.64.42.84.6
Creatine kinase3.24.23.34.13.64.23.92.74.04.13.24.1
Creatinine13.67.212.17.311.97.37.412.07.26.917.16.7
Gamma-glutamyl transferase7.77.67.57.97.57.87.87.67.77.87.67.4
Glucose3.93.14.12.83.92.92.93.72.82.83.52.7
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol11.312.211.412.712.112.612.512.912.112.012.312.0
Iron3.34.13.43.43.33.73.63.33.83.93.24.1
Lactate dehydrogenase36.940.737.141.637.241.741.537.541.441.437.641.5
Lipase10.813.710.814.210.014.414.712.414.219.011.715.9
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol6.15.06.29.66.05.64.76.74.74.58.54.7
Magnesium3.43.03.53.33.72.23.13.83.02.03.72.1
Osmolality1.51.31.51.11.21.01.01.21.11.01.11.0
Phosphorus3.52.82.32.52.22.32.32.52.42.42.32.8
Potassium1.92.31.82.40.02.42.21.92.22.12.02.1
Protein, total3.43.83.43.83.33.63.53.23.63.62.93.6
Sodium1.21.31.41.31.21.21.31.41.31.31.41.3
Total CO26.56.56.75.36.05.85.55.95.25.15.56.2
Total iron-binding capacity3.53.23.63.03.63.13.13.33.23.23.33.6
Triglyceride3.95.93.55.23.85.45.33.85.15.93.65.5
Urea nitrogen4.84.24.94.14.84.54.75.04.44.24.74.4
Uric acid3.53.63.43.73.43.63.53.33.43.33.43.1

Table 6 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of urine chemistry in 2019.

TestTrials
CUC-19-01CUC-19-02CUC-19-03CUC-19-04CUC-19-05CUC-19-06
Albumin19.129.319.215.827.014.6
Calcium2.63.82.72.24.02.4
Chloride2.07.32.12.17.02.2
Creatinine4.35.25.04.84.74.7
Glucose2.03.62.22.43.62.3
Magnesium4.03.94.13.33.03.1
Phosphorus2.62.82.92.22.21.8
Potassium3.31.92.92.71.92.7
Protein8.78.68.08.17.48.6
Sodium1.22.71.21.32.51.1
Urea nitrogen3.63.93.53.23.63.4
Uric acid3.54.73.63.75.73.8


일반화학검사에서 시범종목으로 시행되었던 추정 신사구체 여과율 검사는 정확도기반 creatinine 검사프로그램으로 이관되었다. 한 가지 검사방법이 전체의 80%를 넘는 검사로는, ALT의 LDH without pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P)법, albumin의 dye binding bromocresol green법, AST의 malate dehydrogenase without P5P법, total cholesterol의 cholesterol esterase법, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase의 gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide법, magnesium의 colorimetry-xylidyl blue법, osmolality의 freezing point depression osmometer법, total protein의 Biuret법, total CO2의 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase법, urea nitrogen의 urease with glutamate dehydrogenase법과 uric acid의 uricase법이 있었으며, 예년과 비슷한 경향을 보였다(Table 7). 요화학검사 프로그램에도 새로운 검사방법 분류체계가 적용되었다. 일반화학검사와 달리 요화학검사에서 albumin의 측정법으로는 immunoturbidimetry법이 주로 이용되었고 protein의 측정법으로 dye binding using pyrogallol red법과 turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride법이 이용되었다(Table 8). Sodium, potassium과 chloride 등의 전해질검사에는 대부분의 검사기관이 희석 이온선택전극법을 이용하였다.

Table 7 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to the principle of general chemistry in 2019.

Test/methodTrials
1st2nd3rd4th
Lab*CC-19-01CC-19-02CC-19-03LabCC-19-04CC-19-05CC-19-06LabCC-19-07CC-19-08CC-19-09LabCC-19-10CC-19-11CC-19-12
Alanine aminotransferase1,6856.56.07.11,7075.57.25.71,7245.46.95.61,7425.67.05.8
Dry chemistry916.73.618.793.416.95.090.91.63.682.15.22.2
LDH with P5P1515.23.614.9155.312.73.52012.510.613.92113.717.013.2
LDH without P5P1,6316.45.97.11,6475.47.05.41,6665.45.95.61,6865.66.95.4
Other method309.48.18.8368.810.810.2298.210.37.7275.78.77.3
Albumin1,5584.85.45.11,5815.54.95.41,5905.35.25.51,6095.35.25.4
Dye binding-BCG1,5264.85.45.11,5445.15.05.41,5625.35.15.41,5805.35.25.4
Dye binding-BCP85.36.66.995.65.45.776.12.32.284.04.24.1
Other method243.63.13.9283.22.02.9216.24.15.3215.54.03.2
Alkaline phosphatase1,48543.535.843.31,50736.345.538.11,51135.742.534.61,53334.442.635.8
Other method2235.631.336.62622.238.916.62030.739.329.22011.039.626.4
PNPP, AMP buffer86913.516.213.487416.314.716.988216.514.116.289216.814.116.9
PNPP, DEA buffer15911.410.59.31659.19.19.01679.69.38.51688.29.48.8
PNPP, EAE buffer4355.84.85.84424.36.25.14424.65.84.54534.25.74.1
Amylase82012.618.412.582117.512.818.082818.612.418.784118.212.418.3
Dry chemistry97.23.87.882.96.12.882.88.42.382.87.02.6
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-azido-deoxy-maltopentaoside51.00.30.941.52.83.042.00.91.230.90.60.7
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-galactopyranosylmaltoside1082.11.62.01101.52.01.61191.51.71.41231.01.71.3
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotrioside2155.32.74.72222.63.02.72183.23.02.42212.43.13.2
Hydrolysis of 4,6-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaose3484.04.74.03464.74.04.93574.53.94.63644.55.34.6
Hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylbenzyl-α-maltopentaose12512.119.312.012119.512.319.611620.610.320.711719.911.519.8
Other method1015.620.015.41011.911.411.6617.511.018.5520.610.818.2
Aspartate aminotransferase1,6855.54.15.21,7064.35.34.31,7234.25.84.21,7414.65.04.6
Dry chemistry92.71.93.092.38.43.591.51.13.281.73.93.2
MDH with P5P158.22.77.6155.96.35.7154.44.82.9164.52.83.4
MDH without P5P1,6315.04.15.21,6464.35.24.31,6714.45.74.21,6904.55.04.6
Other method307.34.37.5365.77.56.9284.98.25.9275.26.54.8
Bilirubin, direct81420.116.320.581517.417.317.181511.418.015.182315.518.717.2
Copper ion oxidation503.412.40.05014.513.214.35013.813.815.54813.215.614.2
Diazonium salt with blank32922.45.123.23275.118.83.83336.318.24.63354.721.75.3
Diazo-sulfanilic acid with blank4440.535.036.44627.734.127.14631.138.131.64625.736.824.1
Diazo-sulfanilic acid without blank1739.226.317.81723.735.519.61915.934.616.42020.228.420.2
Enzymatic oxidation620.216.219.4616.416.017.355.36.47.155.63.46.3
Other method1633.930.322.61718.927.927.41028.420.321.41018.729.818.2
Vanadate oxidation35211.412.810.33529.72.610.835211.66.513.035912.913.313.5
Bilirubin, total1,56210.16.610.41,5856.310.36.21,5955.710.66.31,6145.69.76.0
Copper ion oxidation948.15.78.7956.88.77.11096.37.36.61066.36.65.1
Diazo-caffeine, sodium benzoate with blank79.98.310.4810.214.811.578.817.714.178.27.87.1
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide with blank1268.25.58.01326.812.28.11358.611.37.21407.07.37.2
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide without blank9911.76.310.81014.612.95.11017.813.46.51065.89.36.1
Diazo-dyphylline with blank98.26.712.293.99.69.393.64.24.885.16.54.6
Diazonium salt-surfactant with blank49311.86.811.94976.112.15.85045.110.95.75085.68.85.7
Diazonium salt-surfactant without blank3513.313.012.73511.815.612.43510.514.410.0348.46.67.1
Enzymatic oxidation2112.04.810.2186.610.46.0198.614.79.7195.312.04.1
Other method3612.65.410.4417.812.97.4343.87.45.5345.712.25.2
Vanadate oxidation6405.54.42.86444.05.53.76373.34.63.26462.55.42.8
Calcium7413.92.94.07382.84.22.97502.74.22.97542.64.22.5
Colorimetry arsenazo III1603.03.62.31592.92.63.41613.03.23.01662.82.42.6
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue282.93.12.9321.82.52.7371.42.21.3401.82.11.7
Colorimetry_OCPC4102.92.63.44062.83.32.74072.73.53.04042.62.92.5
NM-BAPTA1371.61.61.61361.41.71.61391.31.41.21411.51.00.7
Other method51.02.61.642.94.73.761.35.53.032.13.22.4
Chloride1,0753.02.82.91,0792.62.02.61,0872.42.32.51,0962.42.12.7
ISE, diluted5733.12.43.15762.22.12.15902.12.72.25951.82.52.0
ISE, undiluted4692.32.82.94712.11.62.14702.62.12.64782.61.72.1
Other method332.73.52.4324.42.24.0272.32.32.8234.73.85.5
Cholesterol, total1,6723.14.73.11,6944.62.94.91,7104.53.04.61,7284.42.84.6
Cholesterol esterase1,6433.24.63.11,6594.62.95.01,6834.53.04.61,7024.42.74.6
Other method292.46.32.9354.52.44.9274.94.35.2264.33.74.2
Creatine kinase6753.24.23.36764.13.64.26823.92.74.06924.13.24.1
Creatine phosphate to creatine2193.32.83.22172.23.42.02302.23.12.02312.43.12.4
Creatine phosphate to creatine with activator4422.84.73.44454.83.34.84414.82.74.74504.83.15.0
Dry chemistry612.17.811.058.17.37.451.83.31.253.14.84.4
Other method84.61.64.794.44.93.063.01.83.564.55.14.4
Creatinine1,65413.67.212.11,6757.311.97.31,6977.412.07.21,7116.917.16.7
Enzymatic method7638.46.516.2814.112.23.3944.77.64.31004.114.54.6
Kinetic Jaffe with compensation37912.67.411.53867.210.97.43745.04.75.33704.08.04.0
Kinetic Jaffe without compensation90410.95.87.69146.76.76.59445.87.86.09575.811.45.9
Other method278.910.19.13112.917.813.43211.313.111.3267.426.86.9
Rate blanked compensated kinetic Jaffe method2686.03.74.82633.54.63.72533.45.03.72583.05.23.3
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase1,6317.77.67.51,6517.97.57.81,6657.87.67.71,6837.87.67.4
Gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide1,5777.77.67.51,5907.97.57.71,6117.87.67.61,6307.87.47.4
Gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide176.25.32.1189.99.611.1198.39.69.0217.67.98.3
G-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (dry chemistry)98.23.74.391.73.81.792.04.14.482.16.41.5
Other method287.76.76.5349.19.09.7267.47.36.8247.17.93.0
Glucose1,6623.93.14.11,6832.83.92.91,7012.93.72.81,7192.83.52.7
Glucose oxidase4404.44.14.24463.84.43.94493.84.23.64503.33.73.4
Hexokinase1,1933.32.82.91,2042.43.12.61,2242.63.32.61,2422.53.22.5
Other method294.04.05.5333.54.63.7284.65.74.4273.95.43.3
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol1,53911.312.211.41,55912.712.112.61,57812.512.912.11,59512.012.312.0
Enzymatic with detergent6059.210.29.462510.89.110.470711.210.911.271311.09.510.5
Enzymatic with immunoinhibition2214.03.63.12243.23.53.32243.23.54.62275.34.33.4
Enzymatic with others19611.613.112.319611.810.813.318912.88.612.919811.010.212.5
Enzymatic with polyanion precipitation17812.412.810.218014.510.113.118611.013.810.418411.513.714.0
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol3114.23.64.33023.94.43.42433.13.13.32472.92.33.1
Other method2712.310.012.0318.913.38.42711.713.513.42412.412.212.5
Iron4213.34.13.44193.43.33.74243.63.33.84283.93.24.1
Bathophenanthroline without deproteinization1391.32.81.41361.91.42.31382.51.32.01372.31.41.3
Ferrozine without deproteinization1471.93.81.91462.41.42.31482.41.62.71502.41.32.4
Nitroso-PSAP without deproteinization451.22.11.5482.61.82.9482.31.52.6512.71.22.7
Pyridyl azo dye ascorbate without deproteinization45.29.45.443.75.99.0312.45.19.1326.03.520.0
Tripyridyltriazine without deproteinization811.22.31.0842.10.82.3841.41.02.0842.01.21.5
Lactate dehydrogenase90736.940.737.191241.637.241.791541.537.541.492641.437.641.5
Lactate to pyruvate4864.74.84.94985.04.74.95164.95.05.05204.85.05.0
Other method1134.237.836.31140.039.240.5936.734.836.5736.634.236.1
Pyruvate to lactate4057.47.87.73977.27.67.33847.27.47.13937.07.06.8
Pyruvate to lactate (dry chemistry)52.33.93.463.85.63.861.62.92.762.04.12.0
Lipase41310.813.710.841314.210.014.442914.712.414.243719.011.715.9
Hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride with quinone dye843.62.33.7893.54.02.4881.83.12.2902.83.82.3
Hydrolysis of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester31510.615.010.531322.510.822.833026.511.825.933524.510.924.2
Hydrolysis of 1-oleoyl-2,3-diacetyl glycerol102.43.12.493.91.83.290.02.80.094.93.43.6
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol9206.15.06.29249.66.05.69384.76.74.79514.58.54.7
Enzymatic with detergent6535.65.05.56609.76.05.97154.46.33.97284.38.94.6
Enzymatic with others2256.97.27.12265.95.75.41868.47.27.81876.05.76.2
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol305.96.26.3289.76.18.4288.48.28.6297.410.26.9
Other method129.87.68.6109.54.47.297.511.17.475.711.47.3
Magnesium2913.43.03.52923.33.72.22983.13.83.02982.03.72.1
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue2873.43.03.52903.33.72.22953.13.83.02962.03.72.1
Osmolality1511.51.31.51541.11.21.01541.01.21.11571.01.11.0
Freezing point depression osmometer1431.41.31.51481.11.21.01481.01.21.11501.01.11.0
Other method82.01.81.460.81.11.560.91.00.770.91.81.4
Phosphorus6873.52.82.36882.52.22.36992.32.52.47002.42.32.8
Enzymatic51.63.95.645.39.56.434.87.84.832.74.26.0
Molybden blue colorimetry1612.21.42.31641.82.11.31741.92.32.11751.72.11.9
Other method38.15.811.128.912.910.936.315.18.922.90.03.8
Phosphomolybdate5183.62.42.35182.22.32.15192.32.62.65202.93.42.3
Potassium1,0851.92.31.81,0872.40.02.41,0982.21.92.21,1072.12.02.1
ISE, diluted5751.81.41.75771.40.01.65921.50.01.45971.51.71.4
ISE, undiluted4772.01.50.04782.60.01.44791.51.92.44871.62.21.5
Other method333.04.22.2325.42.25.4272.53.42.9233.12.92.4
Protein, total1,5363.43.83.41,5583.83.33.61,5653.53.23.61,5853.62.93.6
Biuret method1,5093.33.83.41,5293.73.33.61,5433.53.23.61,5633.62.83.6
Other method273.75.04.3295.65.55.0228.56.98.8227.25.86.8
Sodium1,0851.21.31.41,0871.31.21.21,0981.31.41.31,1071.31.41.3
ISE, diluted5470.71.21.05531.11.01.15691.20.71.15750.81.11.2
ISE, undiluted5051.51.71.45021.61.21.45021.51.41.55091.41.41.4
Other method332.01.51.8321.61.91.5271.42.21.9231.41.61.1
Total CO22176.56.56.72205.36.05.82225.55.95.22255.15.56.2
Other method511.013.410.966.58.85.433.14.44.833.24.42.2
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase2126.46.56.62145.35.95.82195.55.95.22225.15.56.2
Total iron-binding capacity3843.53.23.63803.03.63.13843.13.33.23883.23.33.6
Bathophenanthroline1302.12.42.11242.72.02.61242.31.52.71232.41.92.3
Chromazural B253.92.63.7252.82.53.7224.25.74.5244.84.55.2
Ferrozine1122.33.42.81102.82.42.81143.12.33.71153.52.33.2
Nitroso-PSAP1142.72.33.01192.12.52.41212.22.62.41232.22.62.4
Other method32.88.13.621.63.41.8325.115.025.2321.511.821.7
Triglyceride1,6233.95.93.51,6455.23.85.41,6645.33.85.11,6805.93.65.5
Enzymatic with free glycerol elimination5273.02.72.65292.72.93.05553.22.72.55662.92.53.3
Enzymatic without free glycerol elimination1,0714.36.74.21,0856.44.56.51,0836.24.66.41,0897.04.46.6
Other method254.34.34.5316.85.87.0268.38.07.0257.54.36.1
Urea nitrogen1,6094.84.24.91,6324.14.84.51,6484.75.04.41,6694.24.74.4
Other method285.44.26.1325.84.66.4259.18.99.0255.46.85.0
Urease with colorimetry164.28.31.2178.41.38.5155.83.86.6156.24.25.7
Urease with GLDH1,5644.84.24.91,5824.14.64.51,6074.44.94.31,6284.24.74.3
Uric acid1,2583.53.63.41,2733.73.43.61,2813.53.33.41,2913.33.43.1
Other method174.53.83.9184.05.84.3144.98.65.2129.19.87.3
Uricase1,2353.43.53.41,2493.63.43.51,2613.43.23.41,2733.33.33.1
Uricase (dry chemistry)61.92.41.061.62.42.160.61.70.661.32.41.3

Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; P5P, pyridoxal-5-phosphate; BCG, bromocresol green; BCP, bromocresol purple; PNPP, para nitrophenylphosphate; AMP, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; DEA, diethanolamine; EAE, 2-ethylaminoethanol; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl-BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; Nitroso-PSAP, 2-nitroso-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)-phenol; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..

*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2019..


Table 8 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to principle of urine chemistry in 2019.

Test/methodTrials
1st2nd
Lab*CUC-19-01CUC-19-02CUC-19-03LabCUC-19-04CUC-19-05CUC-19-06
Albumin18319.129.319.218415.827.014.6
Immunoturbidimetry17317.928.718.117415.427.114.1
Other method846.669.247.6610.229.911.0
Calcium1612.63.82.71582.24.02.4
Colorimetry_arsenazo III244.03.43.8252.72.52.8
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue82.02.71.3111.83.31.5
Colorimetry_OCPC742.63.52.7663.14.83.0
NM-BAPTA521.72.91.6531.22.01.5
Other method33.71.22.932.73.74.2
Chloride1882.07.32.11822.17.02.2
ISE, diluted1822.07.12.11782.07.02.2
ISE, undiluted422.819.312.5261.633.470.9
Creatinine2204.35.25.02184.84.74.7
Enzymatic method95.34.95.095.24.45.0
Kinetic Jaffe without compensation1874.24.94.41854.54.44.3
Rate blanked compensated kinetic Jaffe method222.43.53.7203.33.53.8
Glucose1402.03.62.21382.43.62.3
Hexokinase1402.03.62.21382.43.62.3
Magnesium1114.03.94.11113.33.03.1
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue1104.03.94.11103.32.93.2
Phosphorus1432.62.82.91412.22.21.8
Molybden blue colorimetry163.82.13.9162.41.62.0
Phosphomolybdate1272.63.02.71252.12.31.8
Potassium1893.31.92.91832.71.92.7
ISE, diluted1833.41.82.91792.71.92.7
ISE, undiluted416.77.124.1238.637.656.4
Protein1908.78.68.01898.17.48.6
Biuret method52.18.82.252.15.02.2
Dye binding using pyrogallol red1128.69.98.11117.810.28.5
Turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride723.96.63.6723.15.02.7
Sodium1911.22.71.21861.32.51.1
ISE, diluted1831.22.71.21801.32.51.1
ISE, undiluted53.04.62.9351.934.361.6
Urea nitrogen1633.63.93.51613.23.63.4
Urease with GLDH1633.63.93.51613.23.63.4
Uric acid1553.54.73.61513.75.73.8
Uricase1543.64.73.61503.75.73.8

Abbreviations: OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl-BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..

*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2019..



2019년 일반화학검사 프로그램과 요화학검사 프로그램의 신빙도조사 결과에 대해 보다 자세한 통계분석 결과는 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에서조회가 가능하다.

  1. Lee YW. Annual report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on general chemistry (2018). J Lab Med Quality Assur 2019;41:51-64.
    CrossRef
  2. Lee YW. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme for general chemistry in Korea (2017). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:113-27.
    CrossRef
  3. Lee YW, Jeon BR, Kim JG, Jun SH, Yun YM, Chun S, et al. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme for routine clinical chemistry in Korea (2016). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39:61-75.
    CrossRef

Supplementary File


Share this article on :

Stats or metrics