Lab Med Qual Assur 2021; 43(3): 107-121
Published online September 30, 2021
https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2021.43.3.107
Copyright © Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
Correspondence to:Yong-Wha Lee
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea
Tel +82-32-621-5943
E-mail lywmd@schmc.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In 2020, the general chemistry proficiency testing program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service consisted of routine and urine chemistry programs including 29 and 13 test items, respectively. Creatinine among routine chemistry programs was integrated into the accuracy-based creatinine test program. The routine and the urine chemistry programs were conducted 4 times and twice a year, respectively. Statistical analyses data for the test methods and reagent companies were reported based on the information and results of the test items provided by each institution. Statistical analyses included the number of participating institutes, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), median, and minimum and maximum values for each group. Each report included tables, histograms, Levey-Jennings charts, and the standard deviation indices showing the statistics of each test item. More than 1,000 institutions performed the 16 test items of the routine chemistry program and the number is continuously increasing. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to have relatively high CVs due to differences in results among the test methods; however, the CV values for others, ranged within 10%. In the urine chemistry program, albumin showed a relatively high CV.
Keywords: Proficiency testing, General chemistry, Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service
대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업은 차세대 신빙도조사사업으로 확장 개편되어 2021년 현재 6년째를 맞이하고 있다. 2020년에는 6개 대분류하에 69개 프로그램 단위별 운영체계로 확대되었고, 프로그램별 검사종목도 338종목으로 증가하였다[1-4]. 임상화학 분야는 6개의 대분류 중 하나로서 일반화학검사 등 10개의 중분류 분야로 구성되어 있고, 이들은 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 등 25개의 세부 프로그램으로 나뉜다. 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 프로그램에는 각각 29종과 13종의 검사항목이 포함되어 있다. 일반화학검사 종목에서 creatinine은 정확도기반 creatinine 검사 프로그램으로 통합되었다.
2020년 대한임상검사정도관리협회의 신빙도조사사업으로 시행되었던 일반화학검사와 요화학검사에 대한 신빙도조사사업 결과를 분석하여 보고하고자 한다.
일반화학검사 프로그램은 연 4회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되어 시행되었다. 물질은 냉장상태가 유지될 수 있도록 아이스팩이 내장된 특수 제작박스에 넣어 참여 등록기관을 대상으로 각 회차별로 2월, 4월, 9월과 10월에 발송되었다. 요화학검사 프로그램은 연 2회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되었고 1회차와 2회차를 각각 2월과 10월에 발송하였다.
일반화학검사의 정도관리물질은 Bio-Rad사(Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA)의 사람 혈청을 기질로 한 분말제품을 사용하였다(Table 1). 요화학검사의 정도관리물질도 Bio-Rad사의 Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control (Bio-Rad Laboratories)을 사용하였다(Table 2).
Table 1 . Control materials provided for analyses and released dates from the trials of the general chemistry programs in 2020.
Trial | Material no. | Manufacturer | Product name | Lot no. | Released date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | CC-20-01 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28821 | |
CC-20-02 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 26462 | 3 February | |
CC-20-03 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 26461 | ||
2nd | CC-20-04 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 26471 | |
CC-20-05 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28851 | 6 April | |
CC-20-06 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28852 | ||
3rd | CC-20-07 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28872 | |
CC-20-08 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28871 | 14 September | |
CC-20-09 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 26482 | ||
4th | CC-20-10 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28872 | |
CC-20-11 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 28871 | 12 October | |
CC-20-12 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control | 26482 |
The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..
Table 2 . Control materials provided for analyses and released dates from the trials of urine chemistry programs in 2020.
Trial | Material no. | Manufacturer | Product name | Lot no. | Released date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | CUC-20-01 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 63451 | |
CUC-20-02 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 63452 | 24 February | |
CUC-20-03 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 63432 | ||
2nd | CUC-20-04 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 63431 | |
CUC-20-05 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 63461 | 26 October | |
CUC-20-06 | Bio-Rad | Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control | 64362 |
The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..
참여기관에서는 수령한 물질에 대해 검사 시행 후 회신 마감일 이내에 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에 결과를 입력하였다. 협회에서는 기기회사와 시약회사로부터 제공된 검사항목별 검사방법, 기기와 시약에 대한 데이터베이스를 지속적으로 업데이트하고 있고, 참여기관이 홈페이지상에서 해당 검사항목에 대한 검사정보 선택과 결과 입력이 가능하도록 하였다.
각 기관에서 입력한 각 검사항목에 대한 정보와 결과를 기반으로 검사방법, 기기, 시약에 따라 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과보고서는 전체 참여기관의 특성을 보여주는 공통보고서와 개별기관에 대한 평가결과를 보여주는 기관별 보고서로 구성되어 있다. 공통보고서에는 전체 참여기관에 해당하는 통계, 검사방법을 기준분류로 한 통계결과와 시약 회사를 세 분류로 한 통계결과를 각각 제시하였다.
제시된 통계결과에는 각 그룹별 참여기관 수, 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값이 포함되도록 하였고 참여기관 수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값은 이상치를 제거하지 않은 상태에서 산출된 결과를 제시하였고 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수는 각 군별로 이상치를 제거한 후 산출된 수치를 나타냈다. 해당 분류에서 이상치를 제거한 후 기관 수가 8개 미만인 경우 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수를 제시하지 않았고 기관 수가 3개 미만인 경우 중앙값도 제시하지 않았다. 이상치는 각 해당 분류에서 75 퍼센타일 값(Q3)과 25 퍼센타일 값(Q1)의 차(Q3–Q1, interquartile range, IQR)의 1.5배를 초과하여 Q1보다 낮거나 Q3보다 높은 결과값(<Q1–1.5×IQR 또는 >Q3+1.5×IQR)으로 설정하였다.
개별보고서는 각 검사항목별로 통계결과를 보여주는 표, 히스토그램과 레비-제닝스 차트로 구성하였다. 통계치를 제시한 표에는 각 기관의 결과값과 각 분류별로 분석된 통계결과를 제시하였고 기준분류와 세분류에서는 standard deviation index (SDI)를 함께 제시하였다. 전체 결과에 대해서는 SDI를 제시하지 않았고 각 그룹에서 이상치 제거 후 기관 수가 8개 미만일 경우 SDI를 제시하지 않았다. 표준편차가 0이지만 기관의 결과값이 평균과 다를 경우에도 SDI를 제시하지 않았다.
히스토그램에서는 전체 기관의 분포와 기준 분류별 분포를 제시하였고 각 기관의 위치를 표시하였다. 레비-제닝스 차트에는 기준 분류별 최근 1년간의 SDI를 나타냈다.
일반화학검사 프로그램에서는 1,000개 이상의 기관이 참여하는 검사항목은 alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, chloride, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, potassium, total protein, sodium, triglyceride, urea nitrogen과 uric acid 등 16개 종목이었고, 회차를 거듭할수록 참가기관 수가 증가하였다(Table 3). 요화학검사 프로그램에서는 요 human chorionic gonadotropin 정성검사에 참여하는 기관이 가장 많았고 creatinine 검사가 뒤를 이었다(Table 4).
Table 3 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of the general chemistry program in 2020.
Test | Trials | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | |
Alanine aminotransferase | 1,721 | 1,732 | 1,744 | 1,750 |
Albumin | 1,589 | 1,597 | 1,609 | 1,614 |
Alkaline phosphatase | 1,521 | 1,526 | 1,534 | 1,539 |
Amylase | 830 | 837 | 846 | 848 |
Aspartate aminotransferase | 1,720 | 1,731 | 1,743 | 1,749 |
Bilirubin, direct | 810 | 811 | 810 | 810 |
Bilirubin, total | 1,600 | 1,606 | 1,616 | 1,618 |
Calcium | 757 | 761 | 774 | 775 |
Chloride | 1,084 | 1,093 | 1,115 | 1,115 |
Cholesterol, total | 1,706 | 1,717 | 1,730 | 1,736 |
Creatine kinase | 691 | 701 | 704 | 708 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase | 1,668 | 1,677 | 1,687 | 1,694 |
Glucose | 1,700 | 1,710 | 1,723 | 1,729 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1,577 | 1,585 | 1,597 | 1,603 |
Iron | 429 | 431 | 434 | 433 |
Lactate dehydrogenase | 917 | 916 | 915 | 916 |
Lipase | 437 | 443 | 454 | 458 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 945 | 952 | 965 | 968 |
Magnesium | 300 | 303 | 312 | 312 |
Osmolality | 163 | 166 | 170 | 170 |
Phosphorus | 701 | 702 | 714 | 714 |
Potassium | 1,095 | 1,105 | 1,126 | 1,126 |
Protein, total | 1,571 | 1,579 | 1,592 | 1,595 |
Sodium | 1,095 | 1,105 | 1,126 | 1,126 |
Total CO2 | 231 | 230 | 234 | 234 |
Total iron-binding capacity | 392 | 394 | 396 | 397 |
Triglyceride | 1,657 | 1,668 | 1,679 | 1,686 |
Urea nitrogen | 1,647 | 1,659 | 1,673 | 1,678 |
Uric acid | 1,284 | 1,293 | 1,303 | 1,307 |
Table 4 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of the urine chemistry program in 2020.
Test | Trials | |
---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | |
Albumin | 193 | 192 |
Calcium | 165 | 165 |
Chloride | 192 | 195 |
Creatinine | 228 | 229 |
Glucose | 143 | 143 |
Magnesium | 112 | 111 |
Phosphorus | 144 | 144 |
Potassium | 194 | 197 |
Protein | 196 | 197 |
Sodium | 197 | 199 |
Urea nitrogen | 166 | 166 |
Uric acid | 153 | 152 |
Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (qualitative) | 258 | 260 |
일반화학검사 프로그램에서 변동계수는 각 검사항목별 회차별로 상대적으로 정도관리물질의 농도가 낮을수록 높은 경향을 보였다(Table 5). 대부분 10% 이내의 변동계수를 보였지만 alkaline phosphatase, amylase, direct bilirubin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)와 lipase는 10% 이상의 높은 변동계수를 보였다. 물론 동일한 검사법을 사용하는 군에서는 비교적 작은 변동계수를 보였으나 alkaline phosphatase와 LDH는 검사법 간에 결과의 차이가 유의하게 큼으로써 변동계수도 상대적으로 큰 것으로 관찰되었다(Table 5). 요화학검사 프로그램에서 각 검사항목별 변동계수는 대부분 10% 이내의 값을 보였으나 albumin은 12.1%–27.6%로 가장 큰 변동계수를 보였다(Table 6).
Table 5 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of general chemistry programs in 2020.
Test | Trials | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CC-20-01 | CC-20-02 | CC-20-03 | CC-20-04 | CC-20-05 | CC-20-06 | CC-20-07 | CC-20-08 | CC-20-09 | CC-20-10 | CC-20-11 | CC-20-12 | |
Alanine transaminase | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 5.7 |
Albumin | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 |
Alkaline phosphatase | 42.9 | 34.0 | 41.7 | 33.7 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 34.4 | 43.3 | 32.7 | 32.8 | 40.0 | 34.0 |
Amylase | 12.7 | 18.3 | 12.7 | 19.3 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 18.7 | 12.6 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 12.6 | 18.7 |
Aspartate aminotransferase | 5.8 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.1 |
Bilirubin, direct | 19.6 | 14.7 | 17.7 | 11.7 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 16.6 | 18.5 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 18.7 | 16.9 |
Bilirubin, total | 10.5 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 11.3 | 5.8 |
Calcium | 3.9 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 2.4 |
Chloride | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
Cholesterol, total | 2.8 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.3 |
Creatine kinase | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 4.2 |
Gamma-glutamyl transferase | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.3 |
Glucose | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.8 |
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 10.3 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 12.5 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 20.1 | 15.3 | 12.1 |
Iron | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
Lactate dehydrogenase | 38.1 | 42.0 | 38.1 | 42.7 | 37.3 | 37.4 | 43.8 | 39.2 | 43.9 | 44.7 | 37.6 | 43.5 |
Lipase | 11.6 | 25.5 | 13.0 | 29.7 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 17.2 | 9.3 | 16.5 | 19.8 | 11.2 | 18.1 |
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 5.5 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 5.9 | 8.7 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 6.1 |
Magnesium | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 |
Osmolality | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 |
Phosphorus | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 2.4 |
Potassium | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
Protein, total | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 |
Sodium | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
Total CO2 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 6.1 |
Total iron-binding capacity | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.0 |
Triglyceride | 3.7 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 5.3 |
Urea nitrogen | 4.9 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 4.1 |
Uric acid | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
Table 6 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of urine chemistry programs in 2020.
Test | Trials | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CUC-20-01 | CUC-20-02 | CUC-20-03 | CUC-20-04 | CUC-20-05 | CUC-20-06 | |
Albumin | 12.9 | 12.1 | 27.6 | 22.2 | 13.9 | 21.6 |
Calcium | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 3.6 |
Chloride | 2.2 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 2.4 | 6.4 |
Creatinine | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.7 |
Glucose | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
Magnesium | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.6 |
Phosphorus | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
Potassium | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 1.5 |
Protein | 8.2 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 6.6 |
Sodium | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.0 |
Urea nitrogen | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 |
Uric acid | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.8 |
변동계수는 각 기관의 상대적 정확도를 나타내는 지표인 SDI 산출에 영향을 준다. 변동계수가 큰 경우 SDI는 상대적으로 작아질 수 있으므로 결과 해석 시 유의하여야 한다.
한 가지 검사방법이 전체의 80%를 넘는 검사로는, ALT의 LDH without pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P)법, albumin의 Dye binding BCG (bromocresol green)법, AST의 malate dehydrogenase without P5P법, total cholesterol의 cholesterol esterase법, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase의 gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide법, magnesium의 colorimetry-xylidyl blue법, osmolality의 freezing point depression osmometer법, total protein의 Biuret법, total CO2의 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase법, urea nitrogen의 urease with glutamate dehydrogenase법과 uric acid의 uricase법이 있었으며, 예년과 비슷한 경향을 보였다(Table 7).
Table 7 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to the principle of general chemistry programs in 2020.
Test/method | Trials | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | ||||||||||||||||
Lab* | CC-20-01 | CC-20-02 | CC-20-03 | Lab | CC-20-04 | CC-20-05 | CC-20-06 | Lab | CC-20-07 | CC-20-08 | CC-20-09 | Lab | CC-20-10 | CC-20-11 | CC-20-12 | ||||
Alanine aminotransferase | 1,721 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 7.0 | 1,732 | 5.7 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 1,744 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 6.3 | 1,750 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 5.7 | |||
Dry chemistry | 8 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 8 | 8.9 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 9 | 6.1 | 3.9 | 6.0 | 9 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.1 | |||
LDH with P5P | 24 | 16.0 | 10.4 | 15.9 | 26 | 12.4 | 17.4 | 16.0 | 25 | 7.3 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 26 | 8.5 | 21.7 | 7.6 | |||
LDH without P5P | 1,671 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 1,679 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 1,691 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 1,695 | 6.2 | 7.2 | 5.7 | |||
Other method | 18 | 8.6 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 19 | 7.9 | 11.2 | 10.9 | 19 | 6.4 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 20 | 9.8 | 9.3 | 9.4 | |||
Albumin | 1,589 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 1,597 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 1,609 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 1,614 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.3 | |||
Dye binding-BCG | 1,567 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.1 | 1,575 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 1,582 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 1,586 | 5.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | |||
Dye binding-BCP | 9 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 8 | 6.0 | 3.6 | 14.0 | 7 | 6.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 7 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 5.6 | |||
Other method | 13 | 4.0 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 14 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 20 | 4.4 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 21 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 5.3 | |||
Alkaline phosphatase | 1,521 | 42.9 | 34.0 | 41.7 | 1,526 | 33.7 | 41.6 | 41.4 | 1,534 | 34.4 | 43.3 | 32.7 | 1,539 | 32.8 | 40.0 | 34.0 | |||
Other method | 12 | 33.6 | 24.4 | 32.2 | 13 | 16.4 | 20.2 | 18.9 | 16 | 25.2 | 35.9 | 24.1 | 18 | 14.0 | 16.8 | 19.0 | |||
PNPP, AMP buffer | 892 | 14.2 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 886 | 16.0 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 899 | 15.0 | 12.7 | 15.5 | 903 | 15.0 | 12.6 | 14.3 | |||
PNPP, DEA buffer | 174 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 9.4 | 178 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 169 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 171 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 8.9 | |||
PNPP, EAE buffer | 443 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 449 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 450 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 3.9 | 447 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | |||
Amylase | 830 | 12.7 | 18.3 | 12.7 | 837 | 19.3 | 12.6 | 12.5 | 846 | 18.7 | 12.6 | 18.8 | 848 | 19.4 | 12.6 | 18.7 | |||
Dry chemistry | 9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 8 | 2.3 | 7.9 | 14.8 | 8 | 4.8 | 14.0 | 3.5 | 8 | 3.7 | 10.3 | 3.9 | |||
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-azido-deoxy-maltopentaoside | 4 | 3.1 | 58.2 | 2.3 | 5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 4 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | |||
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-galactopyranosylmaltoside | 125 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 131 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 137 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 136 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.5 | |||
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotrioside | 218 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 216 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 214 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 216 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 | |||
Hydrolysis of 4,6-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaose | 369 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 369 | 4.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 363 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 363 | 4.3 | 3.8 | 4.3 | |||
Hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylbenzyl-α-maltopentaose | 103 | 11.3 | 19.6 | 10.9 | 104 | 19.6 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 115 | 19.7 | 11.1 | 19.7 | 115 | 20.2 | 11.8 | 19.7 | |||
Other method | 2 | 17.6 | 14.2 | 17.0 | 4 | 20.8 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 5 | 17.4 | 5.5 | 19.3 | 6 | 13.8 | 5.4 | 14.9 | |||
Aspartate aminotransferase | 1,720 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 1,731 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 1,743 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.0 | 1,749 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.1 | |||
Dry chemistry | 8 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 8 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 9 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 9 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 2.1 | |||
MDH with P5P | 19 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 21 | 3.1 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 20 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 21 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 5.3 | |||
MDH without P5P | 1,675 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 1,683 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 1,695 | 4.9 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 1,699 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.1 | |||
Other method | 18 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 19 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 9.0 | 19 | 5.4 | 6.2 | 5.1 | 20 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 5.8 | |||
Bilirubin, direct | 810 | 19.6 | 14.7 | 17.7 | 811 | 11.7 | 19.7 | 19.6 | 810 | 16.6 | 18.5 | 10.5 | 810 | 10.3 | 18.7 | 16.9 | |||
Copper ion oxidation | 45 | 12.7 | 12.0 | 13.8 | 44 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 41 | 12.9 | 14.5 | 12.3 | 42 | 13.5 | 14.8 | 13.2 | |||
Diazonium salt with blank | 343 | 21.8 | 4.5 | 18.2 | 341 | 6.2 | 21.7 | 21.3 | 346 | 5.0 | 20.4 | 6.8 | 351 | 9.6 | 18.0 | 6.1 | |||
Diazo-sulfanilic acid with blank | 44 | 36.8 | 26.9 | 40.7 | 43 | 29.0 | 40.2 | 36.6 | 42 | 28.1 | 37.1 | 35.1 | 38 | 30.8 | 36.5 | 35.6 | |||
Diazo-sulfanilic acid without blank | 22 | 25.2 | 26.4 | 24.4 | 26 | 34.3 | 36.7 | 25.5 | 25 | 18.2 | 28.8 | 22.0 | 25 | 11.2 | 22.5 | 14.8 | |||
Enzymatic oxidation | 4 | 19.3 | 24.0 | 20.1 | 4 | 17.2 | 18.4 | 18.4 | 4 | 18.9 | 12.7 | 18.9 | 4 | 16.0 | 19.2 | 17.8 | |||
Other method | 7 | 9.4 | 15.2 | 2.3 | 6 | 14.6 | 2.4 | 9.4 | 7 | 38.0 | 19.8 | 32.0 | 7 | 25.6 | 13.6 | 39.2 | |||
Vanadate oxidation | 345 | 10.4 | 12.9 | 6.5 | 347 | 11.5 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 345 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 11.1 | 343 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 13.9 | |||
Bilirubin, total | 1,600 | 10.5 | 6.0 | 11.0 | 1,606 | 6.3 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 1,616 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 6.4 | 1,618 | 5.3 | 11.3 | 5.8 | |||
Copper ion oxidation | 97 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 8.0 | 100 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 101 | 6.5 | 8.6 | 5.6 | 101 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 6.1 | |||
Diazo-caffeine, sodium benzoate with blank | 6 | 14.8 | 4.4 | 13.2 | 6 | 5.4 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 5 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 4.0 | 5 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 9.9 | |||
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide with blank | 145 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 145 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 139 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 141 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 5.4 | |||
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide without blank | 105 | 12.2 | 6.2 | 12.5 | 108 | 6.3 | 11.5 | 11.1 | 110 | 6.6 | 10.5 | 6.1 | 108 | 6.0 | 11.6 | 5.6 | |||
Diazo-dyphylline with blank | 7 | 13.1 | 5.0 | 11.3 | 7 | 3.4 | 9.8 | 8.9 | 7 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7 | 6.6 | 8.8 | 7.6 | |||
Diazonium salt-dyphylline without blank | 6 | 7.8 | 12.4 | 17.1 | 6 | 12.8 | 37.8 | 33.8 | 8 | 14.3 | 9.8 | 7.1 | 7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 15.1 | |||
Diazonium salt-surfactant with blank | 516 | 10.8 | 6.0 | 11.1 | 511 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 512 | 6.5 | 11.7 | 6.4 | 518 | 5.0 | 12.0 | 6.4 | |||
Diazonium salt-surfactant without blank | 33 | 12.3 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 31 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 10.6 | 34 | 9.1 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 34 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 7.7 | |||
Enzymatic oxidation | 17 | 7.5 | 4.0 | 13.5 | 17 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 7.5 | 17 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 3.9 | 17 | 7.8 | 13.2 | 8.3 | |||
Other method | 28 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 12.0 | 29 | 5.4 | 15.1 | 13.5 | 29 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 5.3 | 30 | 6.0 | 11.8 | 6.7 | |||
Vanadate oxidation | 640 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 6.7 | 646 | 3.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 654 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 650 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 2.9 | |||
Calcium | 757 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 761 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 774 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 775 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 2.4 | |||
Colorimetry arsenazo III | 169 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 174 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 171 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 169 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 2.7 | |||
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue | 48 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 53 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 57 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 59 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.4 | |||
Colorimetry_OCPC | 389 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 380 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 380 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 379 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.1 | |||
NM-BAPTA | 146 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 148 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 157 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 159 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 | |||
Other method | 4 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 5 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 8 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 8 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 5.0 | |||
Chloride | 1,084 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 1,093 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 1,115 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1,115 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | |||
ISE, diluted | 594 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 601 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 617 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 617 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 1.8 | |||
ISE, undiluted | 473 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 476 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 489 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 491 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.6 | |||
Other method | 17 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 16 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 9 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 4.8 | |||
Cholesterol, total | 1,706 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1,717 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1,730 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 1,736 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.3 | |||
Cholesterol esterase | 1,688 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 1,699 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1,712 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 4.2 | 1,717 | 4.2 | 2.6 | 4.3 | |||
Other method | 18 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 18 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 18 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 19 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 5.3 | |||
Creatine kinase | 691 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 701 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 704 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 708 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 4.2 | |||
Creatine phosphate to creatine | 231 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 242 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 246 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 254 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 2.2 | |||
Creatine phosphate to creatine with activator | 450 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 3.2 | 447 | 5.3 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 448 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 5.1 | 444 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 5.0 | |||
Dry chemistry | 5 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 7.9 | 5 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 5 | 10.2 | 12.0 | 4.3 | 5 | 4.7 | 6.1 | 4.0 | |||
Other method | 5 | 6.6 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 5 | 5.7 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 5 | 8.0 | 6.3 | 0.3 | |||
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase | 1,668 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 1,677 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 1,687 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 1,694 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.3 | |||
Gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide | 1,620 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 1,628 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 1,637 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 1,643 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.3 | |||
Gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide | 24 | 10.5 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 25 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 9.5 | 24 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 24 | 5.8 | 8.7 | 5.6 | |||
G-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (dry chemistry) | 7 | 9.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | 7 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 8 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 8 | 3.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | |||
Other method | 17 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 6.6 | 17 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 6.5 | 18 | 7.8 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 19 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 10.4 | |||
Glucose | 1,700 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 1,710 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 1,723 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 1,729 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 2.8 | |||
Glucose oxidase | 458 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 464 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 459 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 458 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.9 | |||
Hexokinase | 1,225 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 1,229 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 1,245 | 2.9 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 1,252 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.8 | |||
Other method | 17 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 17 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 19 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 3.1 | 19 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 2.9 | |||
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1,577 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 12.3 | 1,585 | 12.5 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 1,597 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 12.0 | 1,603 | 20.1 | 15.3 | 12.1 | |||
Enzymatic with detergent | 694 | 9.2 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 705 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 713 | 10.6 | 7.9 | 8.7 | 717 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 10.4 | |||
Enzymatic with immunoinhibition | 230 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 226 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 224 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 226 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 5.4 | |||
Enzymatic with others | 205 | 11.9 | 13.2 | 11.8 | 201 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 212 | 14.1 | 15.9 | 12.6 | 213 | 20.9 | 14.3 | 13.6 | |||
Enzymatic with polyanion precipitation | 180 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 9.8 | 182 | 16.1 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 164 | 13.8 | 8.1 | 14.2 | 160 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 15.0 | |||
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol | 254 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 257 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 264 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 265 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 3.0 | |||
Other method | 13 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 13 | 10.2 | 6.4 | 8.9 | 15 | 13.2 | 7.8 | 12.8 | 16 | 9.3 | 9.1 | 11.1 | |||
Iron | 429 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 431 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 434 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 433 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.3 | |||
Bathophenanthroline without deproteinization | 126 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 126 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 126 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 126 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 | |||
Ferrozine without deproteinization | 161 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 158 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 157 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 157 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.4 | |||
Nitroso-PSAP without deproteinization | 52 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 56 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 58 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 57 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||
Pyridyl AZO Dye ascorbate without deproteinization | 3 | 4.9 | 12.2 | 5.4 | 3 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 3 | 10.3 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 3 | 6.8 | 3.2 | 1.8 | |||
Tripyridyltriazine without deproteinization | 85 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 86 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 88 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 88 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | |||
Lactate dehydrogenase | 917 | 38.1 | 42.0 | 38.1 | 916 | 42.7 | 37.3 | 37.4 | 915 | 43.8 | 39.2 | 43.9 | 916 | 44.7 | 37.6 | 43.5 | |||
Lactate to pyruvate | 537 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 541 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 586 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 591 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | |||
Pyruvate to lactate | 374 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 368 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 321 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.3 | 317 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 7.2 | |||
Pyruvate to lactate (dry chemistry) | 6 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 5.3 | 6 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 6 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 6 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 3.2 | |||
Lipase | 437 | 11.6 | 25.5 | 13.0 | 443 | 29.7 | 12.1 | 11.7 | 454 | 17.2 | 9.3 | 16.5 | 458 | 19.8 | 11.2 | 18.1 | |||
Hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride with Quinone Dye | 87 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 4.7 | 88 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 90 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 2.7 | 88 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 1.9 | |||
Hydrolysis of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester | 339 | 11.7 | 29.3 | 14.0 | 346 | 33.8 | 12.8 | 12.6 | 356 | 20.5 | 8.1 | 19.8 | 362 | 21.9 | 9.6 | 20.3 | |||
Hydrolysis of 1-oleoyl-2,3-diacetyl glycerol | 9 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 8 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 8 | 0.0 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 8 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 | |||
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol | 945 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 952 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 965 | 5.9 | 8.7 | 5.5 | 968 | 6.5 | 7.7 | 6.1 | |||
Enzymatic with detergent | 718 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 727 | 4.9 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 727 | 5.1 | 8.9 | 5.0 | 731 | 5.2 | 6.8 | 5.1 | |||
Enzymatic with others | 193 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 8.2 | 190 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 206 | 7.7 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 204 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 8.1 | |||
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol | 28 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 10.3 | 28 | 5.4 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 25 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 6.8 | 25 | 13.8 | 7.7 | 8.6 | |||
Other method | 6 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 7 | 11.9 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 7 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 8 | 11.5 | 7.4 | 9.0 | |||
Magnesium | 300 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 303 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 312 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 312 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | |||
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue | 297 | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 301 | 2.1 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 311 | 2.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 311 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 1.9 | |||
Osmolality | 163 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 166 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 170 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 170 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.9 | |||
Freezing point depression osmometer | 155 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 160 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 163 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 165 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.8 | |||
Other method | 8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 6 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 7 | 24.1 | 28.2 | 24.3 | 5 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | |||
Phosphorus | 701 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 702 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 714 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 714 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 2.4 | |||
Molybden blue colorimetry | 173 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 178 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 185 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 186 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | |||
Phosphomolybdate | 525 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 521 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 527 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 526 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 2.9 | |||
Potassium | 1,095 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 1,105 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1,126 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1,126 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 1.5 | |||
ISE, diluted | 596 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 603 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 619 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 619 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |||
ISE, undiluted | 482 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 486 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 498 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 500 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | |||
Other method | 17 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 16 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 9 | 2.7 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 7 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 4.0 | |||
Protein, total | 1,571 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 1,579 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 1,592 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 1,595 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | |||
Biuret method | 1,556 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 1,565 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 1,575 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 1,577 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 2.3 | |||
Other method | 15 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 14 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 6.1 | 17 | 2.3 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 18 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 5.3 | |||
Sodium | 1,095 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1,105 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1,126 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1,126 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | |||
ISE, diluted | 574 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 584 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 600 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 600 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | |||
ISE, undiluted | 504 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 505 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 517 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 519 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.4 | |||
Other method | 17 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 16 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 9 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 7 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 1.1 | |||
Total CO2 | 231 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 230 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 234 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 234 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 6.1 | |||
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase | 228 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 228 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 232 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 232 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 6.0 | |||
Total iron-binding capacity | 392 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 394 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 396 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 397 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.0 | |||
Bathophenanthroline | 114 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 114 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 114 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 114 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | |||
Chromazural B | 26 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 25 | 2.9 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 23 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 2.9 | 23 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.3 | |||
Ferrozine | 122 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 121 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 122 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 122 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.1 | |||
Nitroso-PSAP | 128 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 132 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 135 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 136 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 2.7 | |||
Triglyceride | 1,657 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 1,668 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 1,679 | 5.6 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 1,686 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 5.3 | |||
Enzymatic with free glycerol elimination | 556 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 562 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 561 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 563 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.2 | |||
Enzymatic without free glycerol elimination | 1,085 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 4.0 | 1,090 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 1,100 | 6.4 | 4.0 | 5.9 | 1,104 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | |||
Other method | 16 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 6.2 | 16 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 18 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 18 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.5 | |||
Urea nitrogen | 1,647 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 1,659 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 1,673 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 1,678 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 4.1 | |||
Other method | 17 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 17 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 5.6 | 19 | 6.5 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 20 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 8.2 | |||
Urease with colorimetry | 16 | 3.9 | 7.2 | 3.4 | 16 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 17 | 6.3 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 17 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 4.4 | |||
Urease with GLDH | 1,612 | 4.9 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 1,625 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 1,636 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 1,640 | 4.2 | 5.0 | 3.9 | |||
Uric acid | 1,284 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 1,293 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1,303 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 1,307 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | |||
Other method | 9 | 7.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 10 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 1.1 | 11 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 11 | 8.2 | 6.3 | 9.0 | |||
Uricase | 1,269 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 1,277 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1,286 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1,290 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | |||
Uricase (dry chemistry) | 6 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 6 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 6 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; P5P, pyridoxal-5-phosphate; BCG, bromocresol green; BCP, bromocresol purple; PNPP, para nitrophenylphosphate; AMP, 2-amino- 2-methyl-1-propanol; DEA, diethanolamine; EAE, 2-ethylaminoethanol; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl- BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; Nitroso-PSAP, 2-nitroso-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)-phenol; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..
*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2020..
요화학검사에서 albumin의 측정법으로는 immunoturbidimetry법이 주로 이용되었고 protein의 측정법으로 dye binding using pyrogallol red법과 turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride법이 이용되었다(Table 8). Sodium, potassium과 chloride 등의 전해질검사에는 대부분의 검사기관이 희석 이온선택전극법을 이용하였다.
Table 8 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to the principle of urine chemistry programs in 2020.
Test/method | Trials | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 2nd | ||||||||
Lab* | CUC-20-01 | CUC-20-02 | CUC-20-03 | Lab | CUC-20-04 | CUC-20-05 | CUC-20-06 | ||
Albumin | 193 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 27.6 | 192 | 22.2 | 13.9 | 21.6 | |
Dye binding-BCG | 3 | 20.3 | 17.7 | 51.3 | 2 | 13.7 | 5.9 | 10.1 | |
Immunoturbidimetry | 183 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 26.5 | 187 | 22.0 | 13.8 | 19.5 | |
Calcium | 165 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 165 | 5.0 | 2.6 | 3.6 | |
Colorimetry_arsenazo III | 29 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 24 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 1.5 | |
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue | 13 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 18 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 3.8 | |
Colorimetry_OCPC | 64 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 5.6 | 62 | 4.8 | 2.5 | 3.7 | |
NM-BAPTA | 57 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 61 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2.5 | |
Chloride | 192 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 195 | 7.4 | 2.4 | 6.4 | |
ISE, diluted | 188 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 7.5 | 190 | 7.4 | 2.4 | 6.3 | |
ISE, undiluted | 2 | 8.7 | 12.2 | 20.8 | 3 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 1.3 | |
Creatinine | 228 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 229 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.7 | |
Enzymatic method | 11 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 15 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.2 | |
Kinetic Jaffe with compensation | 4 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 3.7 | |
Kinetic Jaffe without compensation | 188 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 188 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.5 | |
Rate blanked compensated kinetic Jaffe method | 24 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 21 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.7 | |
Glucose | 143 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 143 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 | |
Hexokinase | 143 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 143 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.6 | |
Magnesium | 112 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 111 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.6 | |
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue | 112 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 111 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.6 | |
Phosphorus | 144 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 144 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | |
Molybden blue colorimetry | 15 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 18 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | |
Phosphomolybdate | 129 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 126 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | |
Potassium | 194 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 197 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 1.5 | |
ISE, diluted | 190 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 192 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 1.5 | |
ISE, undiluted | 2 | 8.5 | 10.4 | 2.4 | 3 | 7.0 | 3.1 | 4.6 | |
Protein | 196 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 6.8 | 197 | 6.6 | 7.5 | 6.6 | |
Biuret method | 5 | 3.8 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 7 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 2.3 | |
Dye binding using pyrogallol red | 114 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 112 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 7.6 | |
Turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride | 76 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 78 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 4.5 | |
Sodium | 197 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.6 | 199 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.0 | |
ISE, diluted | 192 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 194 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 2.9 | |
ISE, undiluted | 3 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 13.0 | 3 | 5.2 | 2.3 | 4.4 | |
Urea nitrogen | 166 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 166 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | |
Urease with GLDH | 166 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 166 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.7 | |
Uric acid | 153 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 152 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.8 | |
Uricase | 153 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 152 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 4.8 |
Abbreviations: BCG, bromocresol green; OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl-BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..
*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2020..
2020년 일반화학검사 프로그램과 요화학검사 프로그램의 신빙도조사 결과에 대해 보다 자세한 통계분석 결과는 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에서 조회가 가능하다.
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