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Report On Proficiency Testing

Lab Med Qual Assur 2021; 43(3): 107-121

Published online September 30, 2021

https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2021.43.3.107

Copyright © Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service.

Annual Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on General Chemistry (2020)

Yong-Wha Lee

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea

Correspondence to:Yong-Wha Lee
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14584, Korea
Tel +82-32-621-5943
E-mail lywmd@schmc.ac.kr

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In 2020, the general chemistry proficiency testing program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service consisted of routine and urine chemistry programs including 29 and 13 test items, respectively. Creatinine among routine chemistry programs was integrated into the accuracy-based creatinine test program. The routine and the urine chemistry programs were conducted 4 times and twice a year, respectively. Statistical analyses data for the test methods and reagent companies were reported based on the information and results of the test items provided by each institution. Statistical analyses included the number of participating institutes, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), median, and minimum and maximum values for each group. Each report included tables, histograms, Levey-Jennings charts, and the standard deviation indices showing the statistics of each test item. More than 1,000 institutions performed the 16 test items of the routine chemistry program and the number is continuously increasing. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to have relatively high CVs due to differences in results among the test methods; however, the CV values for others, ranged within 10%. In the urine chemistry program, albumin showed a relatively high CV.

Keywords: Proficiency testing, General chemistry, Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service

대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업은 차세대 신빙도조사사업으로 확장 개편되어 2021년 현재 6년째를 맞이하고 있다. 2020년에는 6개 대분류하에 69개 프로그램 단위별 운영체계로 확대되었고, 프로그램별 검사종목도 338종목으로 증가하였다[1-4]. 임상화학 분야는 6개의 대분류 중 하나로서 일반화학검사 등 10개의 중분류 분야로 구성되어 있고, 이들은 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 등 25개의 세부 프로그램으로 나뉜다. 일반화학검사와 요화학검사 프로그램에는 각각 29종과 13종의 검사항목이 포함되어 있다. 일반화학검사 종목에서 creatinine은 정확도기반 creatinine 검사 프로그램으로 통합되었다.

2020년 대한임상검사정도관리협회의 신빙도조사사업으로 시행되었던 일반화학검사와 요화학검사에 대한 신빙도조사사업 결과를 분석하여 보고하고자 한다.

1. 대상

일반화학검사 프로그램은 연 4회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되어 시행되었다. 물질은 냉장상태가 유지될 수 있도록 아이스팩이 내장된 특수 제작박스에 넣어 참여 등록기관을 대상으로 각 회차별로 2월, 4월, 9월과 10월에 발송되었다. 요화학검사 프로그램은 연 2회에 걸쳐, 회차별로 3개의 정도관리물질이 이용되었고 1회차와 2회차를 각각 2월과 10월에 발송하였다.

2. 정도관리물질과 검사항목

일반화학검사의 정도관리물질은 Bio-Rad사(Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA)의 사람 혈청을 기질로 한 분말제품을 사용하였다(Table 1). 요화학검사의 정도관리물질도 Bio-Rad사의 Lyphochek Quantitative Urine Control (Bio-Rad Laboratories)을 사용하였다(Table 2).

Table 1 . Control materials provided for analyses and released dates from the trials of the general chemistry programs in 2020.

TrialMaterial no.ManufacturerProduct nameLot no.Released date
1stCC-20-01Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control28821
CC-20-02Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control264623 February
CC-20-03Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control26461
2ndCC-20-04Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control26471
CC-20-05Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control288516 April
CC-20-06Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control28852
3rdCC-20-07Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control28872
CC-20-08Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control2887114 September
CC-20-09Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control26482
4thCC-20-10Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control28872
CC-20-11Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control2887112 October
CC-20-12Bio-RadLyphochek Assayed & Unassayed Chemistry control26482

The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..



Table 2 . Control materials provided for analyses and released dates from the trials of urine chemistry programs in 2020.

TrialMaterial no.ManufacturerProduct nameLot no.Released date
1stCUC-20-01Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63451
CUC-20-02Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control6345224 February
CUC-20-03Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63432
2ndCUC-20-04Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control63431
CUC-20-05Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control6346126 October
CUC-20-06Bio-RadLyphochek Quantitative Urine Control64362

The instrument was from the following company: Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA)..



참여기관에서는 수령한 물질에 대해 검사 시행 후 회신 마감일 이내에 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에 결과를 입력하였다. 협회에서는 기기회사와 시약회사로부터 제공된 검사항목별 검사방법, 기기와 시약에 대한 데이터베이스를 지속적으로 업데이트하고 있고, 참여기관이 홈페이지상에서 해당 검사항목에 대한 검사정보 선택과 결과 입력이 가능하도록 하였다.

3. 결과 판정 및 분석

각 기관에서 입력한 각 검사항목에 대한 정보와 결과를 기반으로 검사방법, 기기, 시약에 따라 통계분석을 시행하였다. 결과보고서는 전체 참여기관의 특성을 보여주는 공통보고서와 개별기관에 대한 평가결과를 보여주는 기관별 보고서로 구성되어 있다. 공통보고서에는 전체 참여기관에 해당하는 통계, 검사방법을 기준분류로 한 통계결과와 시약 회사를 세 분류로 한 통계결과를 각각 제시하였다.

제시된 통계결과에는 각 그룹별 참여기관 수, 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값이 포함되도록 하였고 참여기관 수, 중앙값, 최소값과 최대값은 이상치를 제거하지 않은 상태에서 산출된 결과를 제시하였고 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수는 각 군별로 이상치를 제거한 후 산출된 수치를 나타냈다. 해당 분류에서 이상치를 제거한 후 기관 수가 8개 미만인 경우 평균, 표준편차와 변동계수를 제시하지 않았고 기관 수가 3개 미만인 경우 중앙값도 제시하지 않았다. 이상치는 각 해당 분류에서 75 퍼센타일 값(Q3)과 25 퍼센타일 값(Q1)의 차(Q3–Q1, interquartile range, IQR)의 1.5배를 초과하여 Q1보다 낮거나 Q3보다 높은 결과값(<Q1–1.5×IQR 또는 >Q3+1.5×IQR)으로 설정하였다.

개별보고서는 각 검사항목별로 통계결과를 보여주는 표, 히스토그램과 레비-제닝스 차트로 구성하였다. 통계치를 제시한 표에는 각 기관의 결과값과 각 분류별로 분석된 통계결과를 제시하였고 기준분류와 세분류에서는 standard deviation index (SDI)를 함께 제시하였다. 전체 결과에 대해서는 SDI를 제시하지 않았고 각 그룹에서 이상치 제거 후 기관 수가 8개 미만일 경우 SDI를 제시하지 않았다. 표준편차가 0이지만 기관의 결과값이 평균과 다를 경우에도 SDI를 제시하지 않았다.

히스토그램에서는 전체 기관의 분포와 기준 분류별 분포를 제시하였고 각 기관의 위치를 표시하였다. 레비-제닝스 차트에는 기준 분류별 최근 1년간의 SDI를 나타냈다.

일반화학검사 프로그램에서는 1,000개 이상의 기관이 참여하는 검사항목은 alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, chloride, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, potassium, total protein, sodium, triglyceride, urea nitrogen과 uric acid 등 16개 종목이었고, 회차를 거듭할수록 참가기관 수가 증가하였다(Table 3). 요화학검사 프로그램에서는 요 human chorionic gonadotropin 정성검사에 참여하는 기관이 가장 많았고 creatinine 검사가 뒤를 이었다(Table 4).

Table 3 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of the general chemistry program in 2020.

TestTrials

1st2nd3rd4th
Alanine aminotransferase1,7211,7321,7441,750
Albumin1,5891,5971,6091,614
Alkaline phosphatase1,5211,5261,5341,539
Amylase830837846848
Aspartate aminotransferase1,7201,7311,7431,749
Bilirubin, direct810811810810
Bilirubin, total1,6001,6061,6161,618
Calcium757761774775
Chloride1,0841,0931,1151,115
Cholesterol, total1,7061,7171,7301,736
Creatine kinase691701704708
Gamma-glutamyl transferase1,6681,6771,6871,694
Glucose1,7001,7101,7231,729
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol1,5771,5851,5971,603
Iron429431434433
Lactate dehydrogenase917916915916
Lipase437443454458
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol945952965968
Magnesium300303312312
Osmolality163166170170
Phosphorus701702714714
Potassium1,0951,1051,1261,126
Protein, total1,5711,5791,5921,595
Sodium1,0951,1051,1261,126
Total CO2231230234234
Total iron-binding capacity392394396397
Triglyceride1,6571,6681,6791,686
Urea nitrogen1,6471,6591,6731,678
Uric acid1,2841,2931,3031,307


Table 4 . Number of laboratories that participated in each test of the urine chemistry program in 2020.

TestTrials

1st2nd
Albumin193192
Calcium165165
Chloride192195
Creatinine228229
Glucose143143
Magnesium112111
Phosphorus144144
Potassium194197
Protein196197
Sodium197199
Urea nitrogen166166
Uric acid153152
Urine human chorionic gonadotropin (qualitative)258260


일반화학검사 프로그램에서 변동계수는 각 검사항목별 회차별로 상대적으로 정도관리물질의 농도가 낮을수록 높은 경향을 보였다(Table 5). 대부분 10% 이내의 변동계수를 보였지만 alkaline phosphatase, amylase, direct bilirubin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)와 lipase는 10% 이상의 높은 변동계수를 보였다. 물론 동일한 검사법을 사용하는 군에서는 비교적 작은 변동계수를 보였으나 alkaline phosphatase와 LDH는 검사법 간에 결과의 차이가 유의하게 큼으로써 변동계수도 상대적으로 큰 것으로 관찰되었다(Table 5). 요화학검사 프로그램에서 각 검사항목별 변동계수는 대부분 10% 이내의 값을 보였으나 albumin은 12.1%–27.6%로 가장 큰 변동계수를 보였다(Table 6).

Table 5 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of general chemistry programs in 2020.

TestTrials

CC-20-01CC-20-02CC-20-03CC-20-04CC-20-05CC-20-06CC-20-07CC-20-08CC-20-09CC-20-10CC-20-11CC-20-12
Alanine transaminase6.45.67.05.77.27.16.17.46.36.27.25.7
Albumin5.15.65.15.15.25.05.25.15.55.85.15.3
Alkaline phosphatase42.934.041.733.741.641.434.443.332.732.840.034.0
Amylase12.718.312.719.312.612.518.712.618.819.412.618.7
Aspartate aminotransferase5.84.55.95.06.16.04.96.25.05.05.95.1
Bilirubin, direct19.614.717.711.719.719.616.618.510.510.318.716.9
Bilirubin, total10.56.011.06.311.911.65.99.66.45.311.35.8
Calcium3.92.74.02.43.53.72.53.92.52.54.12.4
Chloride2.52.62.22.72.62.52.52.22.82.93.02.8
Cholesterol, total2.84.32.84.02.72.84.22.74.24.32.64.3
Creatine kinase3.24.43.14.43.23.44.43.64.34.53.14.2
Gamma-glutamyl transferase7.37.27.36.96.77.06.66.66.76.76.86.3
Glucose3.63.13.62.93.63.52.93.63.02.93.52.8
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol10.311.712.312.514.914.012.214.212.020.115.312.1
Iron2.93.22.93.73.33.13.33.03.43.22.83.3
Lactate dehydrogenase38.142.038.142.737.337.443.839.243.944.737.643.5
Lipase11.625.513.029.712.111.717.29.316.519.811.218.1
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol5.55.06.55.67.77.55.98.75.56.57.76.1
Magnesium3.73.03.82.13.73.62.03.62.92.03.31.9
Osmolality1.41.11.21.31.31.11.01.20.91.11.10.9
Phosphorus3.63.02.62.53.42.52.42.42.72.43.52.4
Potassium2.02.22.02.22.02.01.62.01.52.20.01.5
Protein, total3.33.73.33.93.23.23.53.23.53.53.23.5
Sodium1.41.31.61.31.31.51.41.41.31.31.51.3
Total CO27.06.07.06.06.66.76.27.16.05.87.26.1
Total iron-binding capacity3.23.13.43.03.53.43.33.43.33.73.43.0
Triglyceride3.75.33.85.03.73.55.63.35.15.03.55.3
Urea nitrogen4.94.14.84.04.84.64.35.24.44.25.04.1
Uric acid3.43.53.33.53.53.43.13.33.14.03.33.2


Table 6 . Peer-group coefficients of variation (%) according to the test and trials of urine chemistry programs in 2020.

TestTrials

CUC-20-01CUC-20-02CUC-20-03CUC-20-04CUC-20-05CUC-20-06
Albumin12.912.127.622.213.921.6
Calcium2.62.94.45.02.63.6
Chloride2.22.57.67.42.46.4
Creatinine5.85.56.34.34.34.7
Glucose2.82.82.83.22.02.6
Magnesium3.13.23.63.53.13.6
Phosphorus1.92.62.82.42.42.3
Potassium2.72.81.71.63.01.5
Protein8.27.96.86.67.56.6
Sodium1.31.32.63.51.23.0
Urea nitrogen3.63.33.92.92.92.7
Uric acid3.73.94.94.73.24.8


변동계수는 각 기관의 상대적 정확도를 나타내는 지표인 SDI 산출에 영향을 준다. 변동계수가 큰 경우 SDI는 상대적으로 작아질 수 있으므로 결과 해석 시 유의하여야 한다.

한 가지 검사방법이 전체의 80%를 넘는 검사로는, ALT의 LDH without pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P)법, albumin의 Dye binding BCG (bromocresol green)법, AST의 malate dehydrogenase without P5P법, total cholesterol의 cholesterol esterase법, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase의 gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide법, magnesium의 colorimetry-xylidyl blue법, osmolality의 freezing point depression osmometer법, total protein의 Biuret법, total CO2의 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase법, urea nitrogen의 urease with glutamate dehydrogenase법과 uric acid의 uricase법이 있었으며, 예년과 비슷한 경향을 보였다(Table 7).

Table 7 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to the principle of general chemistry programs in 2020.



Test/methodTrials
1st2nd3rd4th
Lab*CC-20-01CC-20-02CC-20-03LabCC-20-04CC-20-05CC-20-06LabCC-20-07CC-20-08CC-20-09LabCC-20-10CC-20-11CC-20-12
Alanine aminotransferase1,7216.45.67.01,7325.77.27.11,7446.17.46.31,7506.27.25.7
Dry chemistry84.01.46.888.98.37.896.13.96.092.22.83.1
LDH with P5P2416.010.415.92612.417.416.0257.313.27.8268.521.77.6
LDH without P5P1,6716.35.66.81,6795.77.07.01,6916.17.36.21,6956.27.25.7
Other method188.66.69.0197.911.210.9196.48.98.7209.89.39.4
Albumin1,5895.15.65.11,5975.15.25.01,6095.25.15.51,6145.85.15.3
Dye binding-BCG1,5675.15.65.11,5755.05.25.01,5825.25.15.51,5865.85.15.2
Dye binding-BCP93.95.55.986.03.614.076.04.15.373.34.85.6
Other method134.03.25.4143.25.05.2204.41.83.2212.93.75.3
Alkaline phosphatase1,52142.934.041.71,52633.741.641.41,53434.443.332.71,53932.840.034.0
Other method1233.624.432.21316.420.218.91625.235.924.11814.016.819.0
PNPP, AMP buffer89214.216.414.388616.013.913.889915.012.715.590315.012.614.3
PNPP, DEA buffer1749.79.09.41788.58.99.51698.38.49.01719.89.18.9
PNPP, EAE buffer4435.34.35.74494.64.84.44504.06.83.94474.45.24.2
Amylase83012.718.312.783719.312.612.584618.712.618.884819.412.618.7
Dry chemistry93.43.13.182.37.914.884.814.03.583.710.33.9
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-azido-deoxy-maltopentaoside43.158.22.351.22.10.641.42.20.941.11.00.7
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-galactopyranosylmaltoside1252.01.52.01311.62.42.11371.71.71.41361.42.11.5
Hydrolysis of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-α-D-maltotrioside2183.13.13.12163.13.43.32142.83.52.22163.03.42.4
Hydrolysis of 4,6-ethylidene-4-nitrophenyl-maltoheptaose3695.25.04.03694.25.45.43634.12.83.93634.33.84.3
Hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylbenzyl-α-maltopentaose10311.319.610.910419.610.410.111519.711.119.711520.211.819.7
Other method217.614.217.0420.810.312.0517.45.519.3613.85.414.9
Aspartate aminotransferase1,7205.84.55.91,7315.06.16.01,7434.96.25.01,7495.05.95.1
Dry chemistry85.44.44.583.57.38.196.05.27.494.04.52.1
MDH with P5P196.94.05.4213.19.49.2204.44.74.5216.25.95.3
MDH without P5P1,6755.84.55.91,6834.96.05.91,6954.96.15.01,6995.05.95.1
Other method184.27.57.9198.89.49.0195.46.25.1206.66.25.8
Bilirubin, direct81019.614.717.781111.719.719.681016.618.510.581010.318.716.9
Copper ion oxidation4512.712.013.84412.911.912.64112.914.512.34213.514.813.2
Diazonium salt with blank34321.84.518.23416.221.721.33465.020.46.83519.618.06.1
Diazo-sulfanilic acid with blank4436.826.940.74329.040.236.64228.137.135.13830.836.535.6
Diazo-sulfanilic acid without blank2225.226.424.42634.336.725.52518.228.822.02511.222.514.8
Enzymatic oxidation419.324.020.1417.218.418.4418.912.718.9416.019.217.8
Other method79.415.22.3614.62.49.4738.019.832.0725.613.639.2
Vanadate oxidation34510.412.96.534711.55.72.434512.113.011.13436.17.213.9
Bilirubin, total1,60010.56.011.01,6066.311.911.61,6165.99.66.41,6185.311.35.8
Copper ion oxidation978.76.68.01006.48.38.31016.58.65.61015.88.16.1
Diazo-caffeine, sodium benzoate with blank614.84.413.265.42.53.053.15.34.0510.38.19.9
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide with blank1459.06.810.41457.79.09.01396.88.26.31415.98.35.4
Diazo-dimethyl sulfoxide without blank10512.26.212.51086.311.511.11106.610.56.11086.011.65.6
Diazo-dyphylline with blank713.15.011.373.49.88.972.36.17.276.68.87.6
Diazonium salt-dyphylline without blank67.812.417.1612.837.833.8814.39.87.173.25.615.1
Diazonium salt-surfactant with blank51610.86.011.15116.712.011.85126.511.76.45185.012.06.4
Diazonium salt-surfactant without blank3312.37.98.0317.610.410.6349.19.910.3349.810.07.7
Enzymatic oxidation177.54.013.5175.66.17.5172.87.93.9177.813.28.3
Other method288.87.212.0295.415.113.5295.77.95.3306.011.86.7
Vanadate oxidation6402.53.16.76463.56.86.66542.91.93.46502.55.32.9
Calcium7573.92.74.07612.43.53.77742.53.92.57752.54.12.4
Colorimetry arsenazo III1692.73.23.11743.03.03.01712.62.62.61693.03.12.7
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue481.81.51.8531.31.91.0571.71.61.6591.70.91.4
Colorimetry_OCPC3893.73.13.73802.52.63.13802.73.42.63792.12.82.1
NM-BAPTA1461.71.31.01481.31.61.51571.72.01.61591.40.91.3
Other method43.84.43.650.02.82.180.92.01.784.43.15.0
Chloride1,0842.52.62.21,0932.72.62.51,1152.52.22.81,1152.93.02.8
ISE, diluted5942.42.02.26012.22.32.56171.82.31.86172.03.01.8
ISE, undiluted4731.82.62.24762.02.12.14892.12.02.44912.02.22.6
Other method174.95.34.7164.53.13.390.92.12.672.62.74.8
Cholesterol, total1,7062.84.32.81,7174.02.72.81,7304.22.74.21,7364.32.64.3
Cholesterol esterase1,6882.84.32.81,6994.02.72.81,7124.22.74.21,7174.22.64.3
Other method184.53.04.9184.33.93.8184.03.54.8193.73.95.3
Creatine kinase6913.24.43.17014.43.23.47044.43.64.37084.53.14.2
Creatine phosphate to creatine2313.12.63.02422.32.73.42462.43.32.52542.13.02.2
Creatine phosphate to creatine with activator4503.25.13.24475.33.33.44485.23.55.14445.53.15.0
Dry chemistry57.55.17.953.83.74.3510.212.04.354.76.14.0
Other method56.64.34.963.53.32.055.71.14.258.06.30.3
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase1,6687.37.27.31,6776.96.77.01,6876.66.66.71,6946.76.86.3
Gamma-glutamyl-carboxy-nitroanilide1,6207.27.27.31,6286.96.67.01,6376.66.56.41,6436.76.76.3
Gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide2410.58.38.8256.66.99.5246.67.07.2245.88.75.6
G-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (dry chemistry)79.61.46.376.84.56.682.53.92.483.06.02.5
Other method174.25.26.6175.25.16.5187.810.18.61910.211.410.4
Glucose1,7003.63.13.61,7102.93.63.51,7232.93.63.01,7292.93.52.8
Glucose oxidase4584.13.63.74643.23.73.54593.03.03.34582.93.62.9
Hexokinase1,2253.22.83.31,2292.83.33.01,2452.93.42.91,2522.83.22.8
Other method173.83.12.5175.25.34.7192.55.03.1193.45.82.9
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol1,57710.311.712.31,58512.514.914.01,59712.214.212.01,60320.115.312.1
Enzymatic with detergent6949.210.79.970511.09.58.571310.67.98.77177.57.810.4
Enzymatic with immunoinhibition2303.95.14.42263.74.23.92245.05.14.72266.04.45.4
Enzymatic with others20511.913.211.820113.112.211.921214.115.912.621320.914.313.6
Enzymatic with polyanion precipitation1809.811.39.818216.18.57.216413.88.114.21608.88.715.0
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol2542.42.83.52573.22.52.52643.12.83.62654.73.33.0
Other method1310.810.311.81310.26.48.91513.27.812.8169.39.111.1
Iron4292.93.22.94313.73.33.14343.33.03.44333.22.83.3
Bathophenanthroline without deproteinization1261.42.31.51262.81.41.31262.51.62.41262.21.52.4
Ferrozine without deproteinization1611.52.61.61582.91.91.71572.41.42.51572.61.72.4
Nitroso-PSAP without deproteinization521.52.12.0562.31.52.0581.31.62.4572.31.41.4
Pyridyl AZO Dye ascorbate without deproteinization34.912.25.434.04.72.5310.32.86.836.83.21.8
Tripyridyltriazine without deproteinization851.52.51.4862.61.41.4881.31.22.6882.41.32.5
Lactate dehydrogenase91738.142.038.191642.737.337.491543.839.243.991644.737.643.5
Lactate to pyruvate5374.64.94.85415.04.94.65864.94.74.95914.74.54.6
Pyruvate to lactate3746.76.66.53686.86.96.93217.38.07.33177.08.17.2
Pyruvate to lactate (dry chemistry)62.90.75.362.92.13.264.12.14.862.97.93.2
Lipase43711.625.513.044329.712.111.745417.29.316.545819.811.218.1
Hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride with Quinone Dye872.12.54.7882.43.93.8902.44.62.7882.33.81.9
Hydrolysis of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester33911.729.314.034633.812.812.635620.58.119.836221.99.620.3
Hydrolysis of 1-oleoyl-2,3-diacetyl glycerol92.00.02.481.72.32.680.03.91.880.02.60.0
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol9455.55.06.59525.67.77.59655.98.75.59686.57.76.1
Enzymatic with detergent7184.74.85.97274.97.37.47275.18.95.07315.26.85.1
Enzymatic with others1938.18.98.21908.07.47.02067.77.38.320410.48.48.1
Enzymatic with polyethylene glycol288.48.310.3285.49.99.6258.08.06.82513.87.78.6
Other method69.89.99.5711.914.316.776.67.14.3811.57.49.0
Magnesium3003.73.03.83032.13.73.63122.03.62.93122.03.31.9
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue2973.73.03.83012.13.73.63112.03.62.93112.03.31.9
Osmolality1631.41.11.21661.31.31.11701.01.20.91701.11.10.9
Freezing point depression osmometer1551.21.11.21601.21.31.11630.91.21.01651.11.10.8
Other method81.81.71.962.01.00.5724.128.224.351.93.32.0
Phosphorus7013.63.02.67022.53.42.57142.42.42.77142.43.52.4
Molybden blue colorimetry1732.32.12.51781.72.12.21852.02.21.81861.92.11.8
Phosphomolybdate5253.82.52.65212.92.53.55272.83.42.45262.93.72.9
Potassium1,0952.02.22.01,1052.22.02.01,1261.62.01.51,1262.20.01.5
ISE, diluted5961.81.91.76031.51.81.86191.81.81.46191.41.71.7
ISE, undiluted4822.12.42.04861.52.12.14982.22.02.25002.22.12.1
Other method170.04.02.4163.02.23.592.70.03.674.32.54.0
Protein, total1,5713.33.73.31,5793.93.23.21,5923.53.23.51,5953.53.23.5
Biuret method1,5563.33.73.31,5653.93.23.21,5753.53.23.51,5773.53.22.3
Other method156.16.76.0145.24.16.1172.35.55.2185.14.15.3
Sodium1,0951.41.31.61,1051.31.31.51,1261.41.41.31,1261.31.51.3
ISE, diluted5741.11.11.25841.21.01.16001.21.21.26001.21.11.1
ISE, undiluted5041.51.71.65051.51.31.45171.51.41.65191.41.51.4
Other method171.41.42.2161.71.21.591.41.72.270.92.11.1
Total CO22317.06.07.02306.06.66.72346.27.16.02345.87.26.1
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase2286.96.06.72286.06.66.62326.27.15.92325.87.26.0
Total iron-binding capacity3923.23.13.43943.03.53.43963.33.43.33973.73.43.0
Bathophenanthroline1142.02.51.91142.21.71.31142.61.82.51142.61.62.4
Chromazural B264.83.74.3252.95.75.6232.63.52.9233.63.03.3
Ferrozine1222.83.62.51213.02.42.61223.82.53.81224.02.53.1
Nitroso-PSAP1282.92.73.11323.13.33.31352.63.32.61362.53.22.7
Triglyceride1,6573.75.33.81,6685.03.73.51,6795.63.35.11,6865.03.55.3
Enzymatic with free glycerol elimination5563.03.23.15622.72.82.95612.72.82.55632.82.83.2
Enzymatic without free glycerol elimination1,0854.46.14.01,0905.64.23.91,1006.44.05.91,1046.04.06.0
Other method166.37.56.2166.44.25.0185.25.14.9186.65.86.5
Urea nitrogen1,6474.94.14.81,6594.04.84.61,6734.35.24.41,6784.25.04.1
Other method175.06.46.2178.18.75.6196.56.96.4208.39.38.2
Urease with colorimetry163.97.23.4167.04.03.4176.34.36.6176.94.64.4
Urease with GLDH1,6124.94.04.91,6254.04.74.61,6364.15.04.21,6404.25.03.9
Uric acid1,2843.43.53.31,2933.53.53.41,3033.13.33.11,3074.03.33.2
Other method97.01.82.5105.35.11.1116.26.67.1118.26.39.0
Uricase1,2693.33.53.31,2773.43.43.41,2863.13.23.11,2903.93.33.1
Uricase (dry chemistry)62.02.12.362.51.92.360.72.71.060.60.00.0

Abbreviations: LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; P5P, pyridoxal-5-phosphate; BCG, bromocresol green; BCP, bromocresol purple; PNPP, para nitrophenylphosphate; AMP, 2-amino- 2-methyl-1-propanol; DEA, diethanolamine; EAE, 2-ethylaminoethanol; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl- BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; Nitroso-PSAP, 2-nitroso-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)-phenol; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..

*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2020..



요화학검사에서 albumin의 측정법으로는 immunoturbidimetry법이 주로 이용되었고 protein의 측정법으로 dye binding using pyrogallol red법과 turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride법이 이용되었다(Table 8). Sodium, potassium과 chloride 등의 전해질검사에는 대부분의 검사기관이 희석 이온선택전극법을 이용하였다.

Table 8 . Distribution of analytical methods (principle) used and coefficients of variation (%) according to the principle of urine chemistry programs in 2020.

Test/methodTrials
1st2nd
Lab*CUC-20-01CUC-20-02CUC-20-03LabCUC-20-04CUC-20-05CUC-20-06
Albumin19312.912.127.619222.213.921.6
Dye binding-BCG320.317.751.3213.75.910.1
Immunoturbidimetry18312.511.626.518722.013.819.5
Calcium1652.62.94.41655.02.63.6
Colorimetry_arsenazo III294.04.34.4243.12.71.5
Colorimetry_methylxylenol blue130.61.62.5186.12.43.8
Colorimetry_OCPC643.33.45.6624.82.53.7
NM-BAPTA571.81.82.1612.72.02.5
Chloride1922.22.57.61957.42.46.4
ISE, diluted1882.22.57.51907.42.46.3
ISE, undiluted28.712.220.839.411.41.3
Creatinine2285.85.56.32294.34.34.7
Enzymatic method115.95.75.1153.63.93.2
Kinetic Jaffe with compensation45.04.53.743.22.63.7
Kinetic Jaffe without compensation1885.45.25.81884.13.94.5
Rate blanked compensated kinetic Jaffe method245.64.75.3212.42.32.7
Glucose1432.82.82.81433.22.02.6
Hexokinase1432.82.82.81433.22.02.6
Magnesium1123.13.23.61113.53.13.6
Colorimetry_Xylidyl blue1123.13.23.61113.53.13.6
Phosphorus1441.92.62.81442.42.42.3
Molybden blue colorimetry152.22.52.3181.41.01.4
Phosphomolybdate1292.02.62.91262.62.32.6
Potassium1942.72.81.71971.63.01.5
ISE, diluted1902.72.81.71921.63.01.5
ISE, undiluted28.510.42.437.03.14.6
Protein1968.27.96.81976.67.56.6
Biuret method53.87.65.573.41.22.3
Dye binding using pyrogallol red1147.47.67.11126.06.17.6
Turbidimetry using benzethonium chloride763.03.65.9784.82.94.5
Sodium1971.31.32.61993.51.23.0
ISE, diluted1921.31.32.51943.51.22.9
ISE, undiluted34.14.613.035.22.34.4
Urea nitrogen1663.63.33.91662.92.92.7
Urease with GLDH1663.63.33.91662.92.92.7
Uric acid1533.73.94.91524.73.24.8
Uricase1533.73.94.91524.73.24.8

Abbreviations: BCG, bromocresol green; OCPC, o-creolphthalein complexone; NM-BAPTA, 5-nitro-5'-methyl-BAPTA; ISE, ion-selective electrodes; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase..

*Number of laboratories participated in Korean External Quality Assessment Service 2020..



2020년 일반화학검사 프로그램과 요화학검사 프로그램의 신빙도조사 결과에 대해 보다 자세한 통계분석 결과는 대한임상검사정도관리협회 신빙도조사사업 홈페이지(http://eqas.keqas.org)에서 조회가 가능하다.

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